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Guides and news on digital evidence.
Articles from C.E.R.T.O., LOCUS and Probatio: each card leads to the guide or news item on the site that publishes it. The three programs →
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Standards for forensic photo and video capture: a reference guide
Standards listed in a technical report are easy to name and hard to meet. This guide explains what each one requires and how to tell declared conformance from a badge on a website.
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aHash, dHash and pHash: differences and blind spots
Three algorithms begin with the same gesture and end with 64 bits. What changes is the question asked of each cell: three questions, three blind spots. Their disagreement is the most interesting datum.
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Video and audio as evidence: technical requirements and limits to know
With video the challenge is not retouching: it is the cut. Showing that a recording is continuous and unedited needs different measures from a photograph.
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The EXIF thumbnail does not match: what it means
Inside almost every photo there is a second image: the EXIF thumbnail, generated at the instant of capture. If it no longer resembles the photo, someone edited it afterwards — and forgot to tell the thumbnail.
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What a cryptographic hash is, and what it really proves
A hash answers exactly one question: is this file still the one it was? It doesn't say who wrote it, or when. Knowing what it promises — and what it doesn't — is the difference between using it well and treating it as a superstition.
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Are MD5 and SHA-1 broken? Collision vs preimage
«MD5 is broken, don't use it» is true enough to be dangerous. It is broken against one specific attack, and remains fit for another use — the one forensics makes of it. The difference lies in two words almost nobody separates.
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18 hash algorithms: which one to choose, and why
Eighteen algorithms are not eighteen choices: they are three families with different internal constructions, plus two checksums that have nothing to do with cryptography. A selection guide, with table and decision chart.
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